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If you are a U.S. resident that invested in Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies in 2017, you may have recently received a tax document from the trading platform or cryptocurrency exchange you use and may need to pay taxes. While there is currently very little guidance on the taxation of cryptocurrency, one thing is clearly defined. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) views cryptocurrency as property for tax purposes. That means you likely received a tax document because you either experienced a capital gain on that virtual investment in 2017 or received cryptocurrency as compensation, which is seen as ordinary income to the IRS.
For practical purposes, the IRS has issued guidance defining cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin and Ethereum as virtual currencies. This guidance is subject to interpretation, but for most people the main things to consider from a tax perspective are:
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- How long you held your Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies from purchase to sale? If held for less than a year, any profit may be liable for short-term capital gains tax. If held for longer than a year, any profit may be liable for long-term capital gains tax.
- What is your tax filing status and taxable income? That will determine your tax bracket and the tax rate on any Bitcoin profits.
- What is your state tax rate? That will determine how much you may owe in state taxes.
Bitcoin Tax Calculator Instructions
Part 1: Enter Your Personal Details
Step 1: Select the tax year you would like to calculate your estimated taxes.
Step 2: Select your tax filing status.
Step 3: Enter your taxable income excluding any profit from Bitcoin sales. For most people, this is the same as adjusted gross income (AGI).
Step 4: Enter your state’s tax rate.
Part 2: For each Bitcoin sale within a tax year
Step 1: Enter the purchase date and purchase price. The purchase date can be any time up to December 31st of the tax year selected.
Step 2: Enter the sale date and sale price. Make sure the sale date is within the tax year selected.
Step 3: Repeat for all Bitcoin or cryptocurrency sales within the tax year selected.
Bitcoin Tax Calculator
Example Bitcoin Tax Situation
This example calculates estimated taxes for the 2018 tax year for a person that made two sales. All values are in USD.
Person A Tax and Finance Details
2018 Taxable income – 80,000
2018 Filing Status – Single
2018 State tax rate – 5%
Transaction #1
On Feb. 1, 2018, Person A sold Bitcoin for a total of $10,000. That Bitcoin was previously purchased on June 1, 2017 for $5,000. Since it was held for less than a year, the $5,000 profit is subject to short-term capital gains tax rates. Based on Person A’s filing status and income, the taxes are calculated as follows:
- The first $2,500 in profit is taxed at the 22 percent federal tax rate.
- The remaining $2,500 is taxed at the 24 percent federal tax rate.
- The entire $5,000 taxed at the 5 percent state tax rate.
$2,500 X 22 percent + $2,500 X 24 percent = $1,150 federal taxes owed on short-term capital gains
$5,000 X 5 percent = $250 state taxes owed
$1150 + $250 = $1,400 total tax liability for transaction #1
Transaction #2
On Mar. 1, 2018, Person A sells Bitcoin for a total of $10,000. That Bitcoin was purchased on Feb. 1, 2017 for $3,000. Since it was held for longer than a year, the $7,000 profit is subject to long-term capital gains tax. In addition, Person A’s taxable income is now calculated at $85,000 to include the income from the previous sale. The taxes are calculated as follows:
- The entire $7,000 is taxed at the 15 percent long-term capital gains tax rate.
- The entire $7,000 is taxed at the 5 percent state tax bracket.
$7,000 X 15 percent = $1,050 federal taxes owed onlong-term capital gains
$7,000 X 5 percent = $350 state taxes owed
$1,050 + $350 = $1,400 total tax liability for transaction #2
Total Taxes Owed
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Since both long-term and short-term capital gains are positive, the total taxes owed are calculated as follows:
$1,150 federal short term capital gains + $1,050 federal long term capital gains + $600 state taxes owed = $2,800 total taxes owed
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